Wednesday 30 November 2016
Tuesday 29 November 2016
Monday 28 November 2016
Sunday 27 November 2016
Saturday 26 November 2016
Friday 25 November 2016
Tuesday 22 November 2016
Monday 21 November 2016
133 killed in early morning rail accident near Kanpur
At least 128 persons were killed and over 200 injured as 14 bogies of the Patna-bound Indore-Rajendranagar Express went off the track in Kanpur Dehat district of Uttar Pradesh in the early hours of Sunday.
80 of the deceased have been identified. Among them 45 people are from UP, 20 from Madhya Pradesh, 14 from Bihar and one from Maharashtra. "Efforts on for rest," UP DGP Javeed Ahmed informed.
The derailment took place between the Pukhrayan and Malasa stations along the Jhansi-Kanpur section at 3.10 a.m. While the S3 and S4 sleeper coaches were thrown off on to the nearby fields, S1 and S2 in front of them bore the brunt, as the coaches smashed into each other leaving behind mangled iron.
The third AC coach B3 was also heavily damaged. Such was the intensity of the impact that survivors compared it to the shock of a “tremor.”
Sixty-three bodies, including 12 women and a child, were identified till 8 p.m. Among the dead, 20 belonged to U.P., 13 M.P. and five Bihar, a police spokesperson said.
While the cause of the derailment is not known, railway officials suspect a rail fracture. In addition to the other departmental inquiries by the Railways, P.K. Acharya, Commissioner, Railway Safety, Eastern Circle, Kolkata will hold the statutory inquiry on Monday and Tuesday, a north central railway spokesperson informed.
Calling it a “major accident,” S.K. Agarwal, DRM, Jhansi division, said the cause could not be ascertained right away, even as he hinted there was no tampering with the track.
“The Sabarmati Express crossed the same track nine minutes earlier. It would have reported any fault. The driver felt no jerks. It is difficult to point out a reason at this momen
80 of the deceased have been identified. Among them 45 people are from UP, 20 from Madhya Pradesh, 14 from Bihar and one from Maharashtra. "Efforts on for rest," UP DGP Javeed Ahmed informed.
The derailment took place between the Pukhrayan and Malasa stations along the Jhansi-Kanpur section at 3.10 a.m. While the S3 and S4 sleeper coaches were thrown off on to the nearby fields, S1 and S2 in front of them bore the brunt, as the coaches smashed into each other leaving behind mangled iron.
The third AC coach B3 was also heavily damaged. Such was the intensity of the impact that survivors compared it to the shock of a “tremor.”
Sixty-three bodies, including 12 women and a child, were identified till 8 p.m. Among the dead, 20 belonged to U.P., 13 M.P. and five Bihar, a police spokesperson said.
While the cause of the derailment is not known, railway officials suspect a rail fracture. In addition to the other departmental inquiries by the Railways, P.K. Acharya, Commissioner, Railway Safety, Eastern Circle, Kolkata will hold the statutory inquiry on Monday and Tuesday, a north central railway spokesperson informed.
Calling it a “major accident,” S.K. Agarwal, DRM, Jhansi division, said the cause could not be ascertained right away, even as he hinted there was no tampering with the track.
“The Sabarmati Express crossed the same track nine minutes earlier. It would have reported any fault. The driver felt no jerks. It is difficult to point out a reason at this momen
Sunday 20 November 2016
Saturday 19 November 2016
Friday 18 November 2016
What is twin flame synchronicity ?
Ladies and gentlemen, let’s face it – you are probably wondering what is twin flame synchronicity, right? Well, it’s very simple – you just have to take a look at the article below and discover more about this. First of all, you should know that synchronnicity is an event which is not related or it is unlikely to happen together by chance, yet it is experienced as occurring together in a meaningful way. And, just like some events may be grouped together by a reason, they are also grouped together by meaning. A collection of events by implying there is no need to have an explanation in terms of cause and effect. Synchronicity was first established in 1920’s and described by Carl Gustave Jung, He is a Swiss Psychologist.
And, to be honest with you – in my personal opinion, there is no such thing as coincidences, if you were to see all the events and ideas can be all connected together by a meaningful connection which can be very personal to the one who is having the synchronicity.
I believe there are connection made between the inner and outer world, through internal psyche events and the external physical intensional events. There is an unique distinction in between the terms “chance” and also “synchronicity.”.
Through many synchronicities in life twin flames begin to recognize that these events are a symbol of their connection. Initially, many think it is simply by chance, eventually, when they have a better surrender to this deep connection, they place their ego aside and understand that it is certainly not by chance.
Once that is understood, they begin realize that their paths were put in purposely in the same place, at the same time for a reason. When they are both at the exact same phase to increase their understanding as well as their growth. Another sign of a twin flame synchronicity is allowing them to see that they are part of the same path when they cross together. They might live different lives, the mirroring triggers the twin flames to feel their close bond which in turn acts as a driver to growth as well as understanding of the soul.
Thursday 17 November 2016
CA’s open letter to Kejriwal goes viral: Why Rs 2,000 notes were issued
In his boldest step against the black money menace yet, Prime Minister Narendra Modi on November 8 demonetised Rs 1,000 and Rs 500 notes. This sudden decision has thrown the entire nation into a tizzy, with hostile political parties calling it a financial emergency and an attack on the common people who have been put to hardships. However, many common people are fully supportive of the PM’s move and assert that they are willing to be inconvenienced slightly for the good of the nation.
One of the questions, however, that seems to be on people’s minds is why did the government introduce Rs 2000 notes. Jumping on to the bandwagon of politicians who spoke up against the PM’s decision was Delhi Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal, who released a video questioning the logic behind issuing new Rs 2,000 notes.
As a reaction to the Delhi CM’s video, a Surat-based chartered accountant Mehul Shah has penned an open letter to explain the probable logic behind issuing new Rs 2,000 notes instead of Rs 1,000 notes and also the reason for lower withdrawal limits and ease of carrying currency notes, etc.
This letter, giving a detailed explanation, has gone viral. Read it yourself to get a better understanding of the logic behind this life-changing decision of the government:
“Sir, I am a practising Chartered Accountant aged 28 in Surat and I was very hopeful that you would support the Notification for Demonetization of Currency and was very eager for your Reaction because your very entry into Politics was for supporting any small move to reduce Black money and Corruption and after all, this was indeed a very big and bold move….!
But after going through the Video released yesterday, my expectations from AAP as a Commonmen were shattered once again because I believed that a person of such stature and designation as you would spread positivity all around without any ifs and buts to make this Mega Clean-up Drive possible and rather help the common men in mitigating the problems rather than nagging about the same and hence I would like to bring to your knowledge the following Points.
Point 1
As you have stated in your Video that it took full 2 days for you to understand the various aspects of the Scheme and even after consultation with various Experts , you could not basically understand the Logic of why 2000 Rupee Notes were released instead of 1000 Rupee Note, I would like to make an attempt to tender my best possible logic ( Please enlighten me if I am wrong somewhere) as follows:
Sir, let us Simply take 2 Scenarios to understand the funda !
Scenario A : If as per your suggestion , Rs. 2000 Note are not issued but only New Rs. 1000 Notes are issued.
Lets say , for example Mr. X has Rs. 1,00,000/- black money in 100 Old Notes of Rs. 1000 each.
Mr. X divides those Rs. 1,00,000/- into 10 Equal Bundles, each comprising of 10 Old Notes of Rs. 1000 each and puts each Stack on a Table.
On Day 1 , in the morning Mr. X would deposit the first Bundle i.e. 10 Old Notes of Rs. 1000 valued at Rs. 10,000 into the bank and on same Day 1 in the Evening he would withdraw 10 New Notes of Rs. 1000 again valued at Rs. 10,000 and put it in the Locker in his house.
On Day 1 , in the morning Mr. X would deposit the first Bundle i.e. 10 Old Notes of Rs. 1000 valued at Rs. 10,000 into the bank and on same Day 1 in the Evening he would withdraw 10 New Notes of Rs. 1000 again valued at Rs. 10,000 and put it in the Locker in his house.
Now the real Game starts.
On Day 2 : Morning , Mr. X would deposit the second bundle of 10 Old Notes of Rs. 1000 valued at Rs. 10,000 kept on the Table. However in his books of accounts submitted to Income Tax Department, he will show that he has deposited the same 10 New Notes which was withdrawn on Day 1 : Evening ( which is actually still lying in the Locker of House )
On Day 2 : Morning , Mr. X would deposit the second bundle of 10 Old Notes of Rs. 1000 valued at Rs. 10,000 kept on the Table. However in his books of accounts submitted to Income Tax Department, he will show that he has deposited the same 10 New Notes which was withdrawn on Day 1 : Evening ( which is actually still lying in the Locker of House )
On Day 2 : Evening , Mr. X would again withdraw 10 New Notes of Rs. 1000 valued at Rs. 10,000/- and keep the same in Locker . So at the end of Day 2, Mr. X has Rs. 80,000 on Table in Old Notes and Rs. 20,000/- in New Notes in Locker.
Now Day 3 will come in next week as limit of Rs. 20000 per week.
The same exercise shall continue till Day 10 and by the end of Day 10, Mr. X shall have no Old Notes and Rs. 1,00,000 in 100 New 1000 Rupee Note in the Locker.
However, to the Income Tax Department while presenting his cash book, Mr. X has shown that he was having only Rs. 10,000/- as black money initially ( i.e. one bundle of 10 Notes of Rs. 1000 ) and he has rotated the same Rs. 10,000/- by depositing it into Bank account in the morning and withdrawing it in the evening and again redepositing the same on next day and so on.
Thus, Mr. X has paid tax only on initial Rs. 10,000 whereas he has managed to convert all his Black money of Rs. 1,00,000 into new Notes. The New Notes lying in locker are still not known to any I.T Officer and remain unaccounted.
This Modus operandi is called Peak theory i.e. theory of rotation of same money which is accepted by most of the High Courts and Tribunals. Revenue is also sometimes helpless to catch Mr. X because the above scenario can also occur in genuine cases where you withdraw money from bank to purchase something and then when you think that no good deal is available, you may again deposit the same money into your bank account and hence logically are not required to pay tax again.
This Modus operandi is called Peak theory i.e. theory of rotation of same money which is accepted by most of the High Courts and Tribunals. Revenue is also sometimes helpless to catch Mr. X because the above scenario can also occur in genuine cases where you withdraw money from bank to purchase something and then when you think that no good deal is available, you may again deposit the same money into your bank account and hence logically are not required to pay tax again.
Scenario B : Watch what happens when PM issues New 2000 Rupee Note instead of 1000….!
Mr. X deposits first bundle of 10 Old Notes lying on Table in the Bank on Day 1 : Morning and then he withdraws 5 New Notes of Rs. 2000 on Day 1: Evening and keeps it in locker.
Now on Day 2 : Morning when he goes to deposit second bundle of 10 Old Notes of Rs. 1000 each and wrongly shows the Income Tax Department based on cash book that he has redeposited the same money which was withdrawn on Day 1:Evening – Bingo !!!
Mr. X deposits first bundle of 10 Old Notes lying on Table in the Bank on Day 1 : Morning and then he withdraws 5 New Notes of Rs. 2000 on Day 1: Evening and keeps it in locker.
Now on Day 2 : Morning when he goes to deposit second bundle of 10 Old Notes of Rs. 1000 each and wrongly shows the Income Tax Department based on cash book that he has redeposited the same money which was withdrawn on Day 1:Evening – Bingo !!!
He is stuck now !! Because if AO enquires and calls for copy of the Bank slip on Day 2 submitted to bank, it will show deposition of 10 Notes of Rs. 1000 each whereas the Govt knows that Mr. X could never have withdrawn on Day 1 any note of Rs. 1000 because they were never Printed !!!!
The above examples are described to understand the concept of rotation of money and the fact that no tax is levied on redeposit of cash into bank.
Even if the above explanation is hypothetical as a concept, it gives a glimpse that such on-paper rotations may be attempted or many other “jugaad” may also be possible using some improvised theory and hence the best way is to go for a strategic decision to discourage the rotation of money by keeping lower withdrawal limits and at the same time deferring the printing of Rs. 1000 note as taken by our PM and hence we should respect the strategic decision of PM who is elected by democratic majority rather than questioning him at each level.
Even, if we disregard the above theory of discouragement of rotation of money , another strategy may be to call back all Rs. 2000 Rupee Notes after 2-3 year once the New Rs. 1000 Notes are in circulation and this will further keep a check on corruption which many have already been questioned. This is because the businessman who have managed bogus accommodation entries to make money white in this period are likely to reverse the entries and get them converted into Rs. 2000 notes in January 17.
Just as a food for thought, what if new Notes be printed with an expiry period of 10 years, 20 years and 30 years and so on and hence the same has to be deposited into Bank before expiry date. People are asking how do you reduce corruption after Jan 2017 ? This step shall reduce corruption and reduce chaos at every deadlines as while I have few notes expiring now I shall also have few Notes which are due expiry in next 10 years and hence do not have to stand in long queue for withdrawals !!
Also with inflation the value of Rs. 1000 notes had gone down so induction of a new higher denomination had become necessary. The US has $100 note whereas UK has €50 both valued around Rs. 6000
Another simple logic is to save the printing and transportation cost compared to its face value assuming that much cost has gone into securing that fake notes of Rs. 2000 are not easily printed. ATM cash be stuffed with more cash which is the need of the hour.
Further, the fact remains that when someone is holding the new Rs. 2000 Rupee Note , he is psychologically getting a sense of freshness that the country is in the growth phase. In a lighter note, Messages are being circulated not to write anything on New Notes which shows a feeling of possession. Imagine if the previous Government would have never issued new higher denominations notes with inflation and growth we would still be dealing with Annas and Pavlis!
Sir, the above example also gives you an explanation to your doubt as to why the withdrawal limit is kept so low and you should rather educate people around you who are standing in long queues and nagging about low withdrawal limits and explain them as to how higher withdrawal limit may lead to more rotations and tax evasions. Though the above modus operandi can still be done with Rs. 500 note however, as mentioned the incentive would be less because Mr. X cannot withdraw more than Rs. 10,000/- in a day and Rs 20,000 in a week.
And believe me Sir, each and every condition in the Notification is seen to take care of the problems likely to be faced by Citizens and at the same time making sure that such Sophisticated theories are not resorted to by Black money hoarders, but questioning by you of everything in the name of Freedom of Expression may create Panic situations or bring out Loopholes in Notifications and hamper the success of reforms.
Point 2
Sir, you have again criticised and stated in the Video that printing Rs. 2000 rupee note will help to increase Corruption because Stacking those Rs. 2000 Rupee Notes would require lesser Space as compared to Stacking Rs. 1000 Notes.
In this regard, I would like to ask that Sir, have you come across any case where the “Babus” have not taken any bribe and done work honestly because they had a small Bag which could not be fitted with Rs 1000 Notes ?!
Or have you come across any Businessman who has declared unaccounted money solely because there was no space to keep those Rs. 1000 Notes !!
Point 3
As stated in the Video by you, it is true that inspite of PM efforts, there shall be dubious commission agents and unaccounted Investment in gold through jewellers, but as far as I remember when the jewellers were on strike for 45 days when our PM levied excise duty on gold in month of April 2016, it was you who supported their strike. It shows that whenever some changes are suggested to regulate a particular Market, AAP opposes them and then now you nag that the Gold market is unregulated.
Infact I believe that the PM had a full blue print for the development of our country right from Day 1 of his being elected if I recall my last 3 years as a Professional.
Firstly they asked for all the bank account number in your Return of Income
Then they linked your PAN with Aadhar
They linked all the subsidies, pension and other benefits directly to your bank account through Direct Benefit Transfer Scheme.
Then they gave opportunity to all the common men to open an account with bank through Jan Dhan Yojna
They entered into revised treaty with most of the countries in which unaccounted money goes through HAWALA e.g. Mauritius and thus the route of Black Money coming from Mauritius which everyone knew is stopped.
They passed few strict laws to overcome the evil of black money such as Benami Transaction Act and Foreign Black Money Act
They levied Excise duty on Gold.
They also made TCS compulsory for Cash transactions above 2 lakhs.
They withdrew lakhs of pending income tax and service tax litigations where Common men had won at Appeal level and Department had gone further.
They also entered into information exchange agreement with such countries.
Then they gave last opportunity to all black money hoarders through Income Declaration Scheme, 2016
Now they have a Scheme for Dispute Resolution Panel again to reduce Litigation till December 2016.
Now the masterstroke, that they have banned Rs. 500 & Rs. 1000 denominations.
Not only the destination of this whole process is commendable but even the journey or the chronology of these events is interesting which explains the ultimate destination and who knows , may be the journey is still not over and the ultimate destination may still be the Swiss Account holders!!
Point 4
Further, you have stated in your Video that penalty would be levied at the rate of 200%. The said statement has created a panic and people have stated discounting their own hard earned cash.
Being in Income tax Department in the past , you ought to know that as per the present Income Tax Act,1961 penalty is never levied on Cash deposits but on “concealed income”. Hence when the common men is depositing Cash in hand which is duly accounted or out of his past savings and even out of unaccounted current years income whose return is yet to be filed, there shall not be any penalty if there is no mismatch between returned income and assessed income. Even the Government Officials in their statement used the words “underreporting” or “mismatch”. To understand the definition of “underreporting”, Sir please refer Section 270A of the Income Tax Act or go through the following article:
Instead you could have encouraged the citizens to pay appropriate Tax.
Point 5
Nowhere in the Video have you stated anything relating to Fake currency or Counterfeit Notes because you know that the issue of Existing Fake Currency is solved foolproof.
Which situation would be better ?
Scenario A:
A Labourer standing in queue to exchange Notes from bank for a Short term.
Scenario B :
A Labourer working hard whole day to get a Fake Note at the end of the day?!
The issue of Terrorist Funding is also tackled but you chose to remain silent on the same.
You have stated that Modiji should have infused Rs 100 Note from before and it would have been you only to have said in this video that “Arre ATM se do din pehle se hi Sirf Rs. 100 ki Note bahar aa rahi thi toh sab ko pata tha , yek koi Secret nahi tha”
Conclusion
Now Sir, if I am to believe that you really don’t understand these simple concepts even after consulting with Experts for 2 days as already described by you, I am deeply saddened because the common men believe that you are an IITian and have spent considerable time in Income Tax Department also.
Contrary to the same, If I am to believe that you already know the benefits of demonetization which I first learnt in Standard 8 when subject of economics was introduced to me and the concept of Peak Theory which is described by me above and which I learnt with my very limited experience while pursuing my profession of Chartered Accountancy , then I am more saddened and feel AAP Party as more dangerous because I believe that above any religion, politics or reservations in any caste or creed, it will always be education which shall uplift the common men and it is the common men who have elevated you to a position where you are looked by millions as their Idol and it is your duty to educate them and spread knowledge and not keep them in ignorance to preserve your vote bank.
I am grateful to all my Teachers who have selflessly shared their knowledge and some fellow members of CA fraternity who are playing an active role in creating awareness and educating Commonmen about the positive consequences of Demonetization true to the Jewel crowned to the profession as “Partner in Nation Building” and I would therefore like to advise the citizens not to sell the notes at discounted prices or deposit the cash into bank accounts of other benami persons in fear of penalty. Further, do not claim any bogus expenses or bogus loss to gain more trouble. Do not manipulate accounts by creating bogus cash on hand. Be sporty and pay tax honestly to buy peace of building capital.
Jai Hind.
Regards,
CA Mehul Shah
Surat
mehul@raseshca.com
PS : Sir, Please share the same explanation to Rahul Gandhiji too as lately you both share the same thoughts and statements and have same queries.
Wait for a miraculous amount of tax collection this year !!
I have mainly written this Letter for my love for writing and my love for questioning and understanding the concepts and in view of the freedom of speech and expression my country offers and hope that no one is offended.”
Wednesday 16 November 2016
SBI Writes Off Rs 7,016 crore Loans owed to it by 63 accounts
SBI Writes Off Loans Of 63 Wilful Defaulters
State Bank of India (SBI) seems to be have started a clean-up of its balance sheets by writing off loans worth about Rs 7,016 crore owed to it by more than 60 of its top 100 wilful defaulters.
While 63 accounts in the list have been fully written off, 31 have been partially written off and six have been shown as non-performing assets (NPAs), reveal documents accessed by DNA. As on June 30, 2016, SBI has written off Rs 48,000 crore worth bad loans. The documents, however, don't specify the entry time of these "write-offs''.
The top five defaulters:
- Kingfisher Airlines owes a total of Rs 6,963 crore to 17 banks, of which SBI’s loan is Rs 1,201 crore. Recently, an e-auction of Mallya’s Kingfisher Villa in Goa failed to find any buyer. Sources said that SBICAP Trustee did not get earnest money deposit (EMD) from even a single bidder.
- KS Oil, once a leading edible oil player under the brand names Kalash and Double Sher in the mustard oil segment, turned defaulter. KS Oil has allegedly indulged in the diversion of funds from its core business. The company invested huge amounts on plantations in Indonesia and Malaysia but failed to get the expected returns. Though the loan account has been restructured, the company has been unable to revive itself. Lenders have also withdrawn the company from CDR (corporate debt restructure). KS Oil was declared NPA in 2013 with effect from September 30, 2011. As with Kingfisher, the recovery effort was futile as e-auction of five units failed due to lack of bidders.
- The third in the list of write-off accounts, Surya Pharmaceutical, was named a wilful defaulter in 2013. The company allegedly indulged in fraud, diversion of funds in retail and education sectors. SBI has symbolic possession of eight properties and is struggling for another in Jammu and Kashmir. A forensic audit from E&Y tagged this a fraud account.
- Ajay Kumar Vishnoi’s promoted GET Power Ltd was declared wilful defaulter on August 23, 2016. The company’s mismanagement and the delay in projects led to trouble for the promoters.
- The fifth in the list, Sai Info, has dues of Rs 375 crore and was declared wilful defaulter on August 26, 2016. In June 2013, the company’s main promoter Sunil Kakkad absconded, but was brought back to India and arrested. Kakkad is now out on bail. The company has cancelled two high-value projects – from the Department of Posts and a Mumbai CCTV surveillance project – worth Rs 2,200 crore. This account has also been declared fraud. SBI could not get any recovery and could only get symbolic possession of some of the properties.
Other Aspect of Write-offs
The Supreme Court has called the write off ‘a big fraud’ and ordered the RBI to share with the names of the biggest defaulters. On Tuesday, the Parliamentary consultative committee constituted to study non-performing assets (NPAs) in the banking sector, has suggested that the government should name all the defaulters whose loans have been written off by state-owned banks. There is a need to bring more transparency in the system, and the list of all the defaulters whose loans have been written off be made public.
The Supreme Court has called the write off ‘a big fraud’ and ordered the RBI to share with the names of the biggest defaulters. On Tuesday, the Parliamentary consultative committee constituted to study non-performing assets (NPAs) in the banking sector, has suggested that the government should name all the defaulters whose loans have been written off by state-owned banks. There is a need to bring more transparency in the system, and the list of all the defaulters whose loans have been written off be made public.
Process of Write-offs Let’s assume that a person has taken a loan of Rs 1,00,000 from a bank. From bank’s point of view, the loan is an ‘asset’ and the interest that would have accrued from the person would have been ‘income’. In the bank’s balance sheet, the loan amount is shown as an asset so long as the account is considered normal. But if the person or entity stops repaying the monthly instalments, the bank will generate lower revenue due to lack of interest payment. But the loan remains as an asset as the bank still hopes that the person will pay back. But beyond a point, as per Reserve Bank of India (RBI) norms, if there is no income coming from an asset, the bank will have to first provide for the loss of the ‘asset’ and then eliminate it from its balance sheet. The loss incurred by the bank will be borne by the public exchequer. A major portion of it is done by the government which loses tax revenues as the losses are set-off against tax.
Write-offs
In a write-off, the bank includes bad debts as an uncollectible loss on its tax return. The write-off is also called a ‘charge-off’. The write-off reduces the bank’s earnings and thereby reduces its taxable income. This accounting procedure may reduce the bank’s overall tax liability, which is the goal of a write-off. The designation of the debt as uncollectible doesn’t mean the bank will never collect on it until that point.
In a write-off, the bank includes bad debts as an uncollectible loss on its tax return. The write-off is also called a ‘charge-off’. The write-off reduces the bank’s earnings and thereby reduces its taxable income. This accounting procedure may reduce the bank’s overall tax liability, which is the goal of a write-off. The designation of the debt as uncollectible doesn’t mean the bank will never collect on it until that point.
Monday 14 November 2016
A cold-hearted volcano "Mount St. Helens"
Below most volcanoes, Earth packs some serious deep heat. Mount St. Helens is a standout exception, suggests a new study. Cold rock lurks under this active Washington volcano.
Using data from a seismic survey (that included setting off 23 explosions around the volcano), Steven Hansen, a geophysicist at the University of New Mexico, peeked 40 kilometers under Mount St. Helens. That’s where the Juan de Fuca tectonic plate melts as it sinks into the hot mantle beneath the North American plate, fueling an arc of volcanoes that line up like lights on a runway. All except for Mount St. Helens, which stands apart about 50 kilometers to the west. Still, Hansen and colleagues expected to see a heat source under Mount St. Helens, as seen at other volcanoes.
Instead, thermal modeling revealed a wedge of a rock called serpentinite that’s too cool to be a volcano’s source of heat, the researchers report November 1 in Nature Communications. “This hasn't really been seen below any active arc volcanoes before,” Hansen says.
This odd discovery helps show what the local crust-mantle boundary looks like, but raises another burning question: Where is Mount St. Helens’ heat source? Somewhere to the east, suggests Hansen. Exactly where, or how it reaches the volcano, remains a cold case
Using data from a seismic survey (that included setting off 23 explosions around the volcano), Steven Hansen, a geophysicist at the University of New Mexico, peeked 40 kilometers under Mount St. Helens. That’s where the Juan de Fuca tectonic plate melts as it sinks into the hot mantle beneath the North American plate, fueling an arc of volcanoes that line up like lights on a runway. All except for Mount St. Helens, which stands apart about 50 kilometers to the west. Still, Hansen and colleagues expected to see a heat source under Mount St. Helens, as seen at other volcanoes.
Instead, thermal modeling revealed a wedge of a rock called serpentinite that’s too cool to be a volcano’s source of heat, the researchers report November 1 in Nature Communications. “This hasn't really been seen below any active arc volcanoes before,” Hansen says.
This odd discovery helps show what the local crust-mantle boundary looks like, but raises another burning question: Where is Mount St. Helens’ heat source? Somewhere to the east, suggests Hansen. Exactly where, or how it reaches the volcano, remains a cold case
Saturday 12 November 2016
Women have Better Memory than a Men
About 75 percent of people experience memory problems as they get older. Causes include dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Women are more likely to be affected by AD and dementia than men.
As women reach menopause, they also struggle with forgetfulness and "brain fog," and for some, this memory depletion continues after menopause. Some researchers have found that women have difficulty with verbal fluency at these times, too.
Nevertheless, women with healthy aging brains continue to have an edge over their male counterparts when it comes to memory function, even in midlife and older age.
Indeed, some studies suggest that, even from childhood, women outperform men in memory tasks. This is especially true of verbal memory. The difference becomes more significant just after puberty, and it continues into adulthood.
Research has suggested that verbal and associative aspects of memory are more likely to be impaired than nonverbal function as people get older.
It also seems that people who experience problems with verbal memory before the age of 50 years are more likely to face additional cognitive impairments after the age of 65 years.
Neuroactive sex steroid hormones, including estradiol, are believed to affect learning and memory in women, and they may underlie sex differences in learning and memory performance.
Estradiol affects the structure and function of brain regions that relate to memory. As levels fluctuate during the menstrual cycle, verbal working memory performance can change, too.
To find out more, the team decided to investigate memory function as it relates to estradiol levels in early midlife.
They hypothesized that sex differences, hormones, and reproductive status might correlate with changes in memory performance.
The researchers also wanted to know which memory domains are most likely to be impaired in menopausal women and whether the level of memory function in early midlife might predict the future onset of AD, based on family history.
"Brain fog" and forgetfulness have sometimes been attributed to job stress and the need to multitask, rather than menopausal transition.
The current study confirms other findings suggesting that menopause, and more specifically, estradiol, may play a role.
As women reach menopause, they also struggle with forgetfulness and "brain fog," and for some, this memory depletion continues after menopause. Some researchers have found that women have difficulty with verbal fluency at these times, too.
Nevertheless, women with healthy aging brains continue to have an edge over their male counterparts when it comes to memory function, even in midlife and older age.
Indeed, some studies suggest that, even from childhood, women outperform men in memory tasks. This is especially true of verbal memory. The difference becomes more significant just after puberty, and it continues into adulthood.
Research has suggested that verbal and associative aspects of memory are more likely to be impaired than nonverbal function as people get older.
It also seems that people who experience problems with verbal memory before the age of 50 years are more likely to face additional cognitive impairments after the age of 65 years.
How do hormones affect memory?
Researchers from Boston, MA, have been investigating how the menopause and levels of sex steroids might affect particular aspects of memory.Neuroactive sex steroid hormones, including estradiol, are believed to affect learning and memory in women, and they may underlie sex differences in learning and memory performance.
Estradiol affects the structure and function of brain regions that relate to memory. As levels fluctuate during the menstrual cycle, verbal working memory performance can change, too.
To find out more, the team decided to investigate memory function as it relates to estradiol levels in early midlife.
They hypothesized that sex differences, hormones, and reproductive status might correlate with changes in memory performance.
The researchers also wanted to know which memory domains are most likely to be impaired in menopausal women and whether the level of memory function in early midlife might predict the future onset of AD, based on family history.
Despite a dip at menopause, women outperform men in memory tests
The participants were 212 men and women aged between 45-55 years.
Fast facts about memory loss
- In 12.6 percent of American households, one or more people have confusion or memory loss
- In 6 percent of households, all adults have confusion or memory loss
- Causes include vitamin B12 deficiency, alcoholism, tumor, infection or blood clots in the brain.
As estradiol declines during menopause, women find it harder to learn something for the first time and to retrieve information. However, they continue to maintain and consolidate stored memories effectively. The findings suggest that different parts of the brain are affected.
Previous studies have shown that women with a longer reproductive period, and therefore greater exposure to estrogens, have better immediate and delayed verbal memory in mid- to late-life.
A fall in estradiol levels during menopause has also been found to relate directly to changes in brain activity in the hippocampus, which plays a role in memory function.
Is there a link with Alzheimer's?
The parts that are affected appear to be different from those affected by early AD, and the team found no indication of a link between menopausal brain deficits and AD."Brain fog" and forgetfulness have sometimes been attributed to job stress and the need to multitask, rather than menopausal transition.
The current study confirms other findings suggesting that menopause, and more specifically, estradiol, may play a role.
Tuesday 8 November 2016
🙏 Check out New 2000 and 500 Rupee Notes with details.
From 08-11-2016 midnight Rs1000 and Rs500 will not be legal tender.
People can deposit notes of 1000 and 500 in their banks from November 10 till December 30, 2016. Those unable to deposit 1000, 500 notes by Dec 30 for some reason, can change them till March 31, 2017 by furnishing ID proof.
Notes of Rs 2000 and Rs 500 will be circulated soon, RBI has decided to limit the notes with higher value: PM Narendra Modi.
Here are the pics of new 2000 and 500 Rupees Notes with details.
People can deposit notes of 1000 and 500 in their banks from November 10 till December 30, 2016. Those unable to deposit 1000, 500 notes by Dec 30 for some reason, can change them till March 31, 2017 by furnishing ID proof.
Notes of Rs 2000 and Rs 500 will be circulated soon, RBI has decided to limit the notes with higher value: PM Narendra Modi.
Here are the pics of new 2000 and 500 Rupees Notes with details.
RGV'S International Movie
RGV's first international Movie "Nuclear" and it will be shot extensively in USA, China,Russia,Yemen and India which will be made at the whopping budget of Rs 340 crore, under CMA global production.
Press Note from RGV:
I have been an avid and voracious reader of both fiction and non-fiction but never in my life until now, have I come across a subject matter like NUCLEAR. Yes it’s going to be much more costlier than the most expensive film ever made in India and the reason for that is because the subject matter truly demands that it is filmed on a scale never before seen
Terrorism is on the top of everyone’s minds in the world today be it America, Europe, Middle East or Asia. Incidents like planes bringing down towers, a truck plowing through people on the roads, slaughtering hundreds of innocent people in Paris,Mumbai etc is terrifying enough, but the real and truly unthinkable terror is, what if someone gets their hands on a nuclear bomb?
This is not at all an exaggerated fear and a very plausible reality with so many terrorist organisations intimidating and attempting to take over nuclear-powered countries. The echoes of the nuclear bombs on the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki are still reverberating in the world’s ears 70 years after they exploded making it impossible for the world to forget the terror they unleashed.
The only thing which can be more terrifying than that is, if that explosion happens now in our times. It is because of this fear that America acted against Iraq. If an act based on mere suspicion that someone could be in possession of a nuclear bomb bring in so much of hate and divide between the countries of the world resulting in regime collapses, friendly countries becoming sworn enemies, rise of ISIS etc., then it’s obvious that an actual nuclear explosion in a big city like Mumbai can easily trigger WORLD WAR III and thus end the WORLD.
Thursday 3 November 2016
Soaked Almonds Are Better Than Raw Almonds
Some believe that almonds have been around for almost 19,000 years.They were initially cultivated in Iran, Afghanistan and Turkey, and later spread out to the Mediterranean region, Europe and China. Almonds also have great historical significance
Almonds are rich in nutrients like vitamin E, dietary fibers, omega 3 fatty acids and proteins. Some say that almonds can be considered the next big 'superfood' because of their unbelievable nutrient profile. They're high on protein so they keep you full for longer and they're rich in manganese which helps strengthen bones and regulate blood sugar. They're extremely helpful for those with blood pressure problems and also help muscle and nerve function.
Raw Almonds vs Soaked Almonds
If your mother pleaded with you every morning to eat your daily dose of soaked almonds, then she may have been right. Choosing between soaked almonds and raw almonds isn't just a matter of taste, it's about picking the healthier option.
Why soaked almonds are better - Firstly, the brown peel of almonds contains tannin which inhibits nutrient absorption. Once you soak almonds the peel comes off easily and allows the nut to release all nutrients easily.
How to soak? Soak a handful of almonds in half a cup of water. Cover them and allow them to soak for 8 hours. Drain the water, peel off the skin and store them in plastic container. These soaked almonds will last you for about a week.
Benefits of soaked almonds:
1. Help with digestion - Soaking almonds helps in releasing enzymes which in turn help with digestion. Soaking almonds releases enzyme lipase which is beneficial for digestion of fats.
2. Help with weight-loss - The monounsaturated fats in almonds curb your appetite and keep you full. So feel free to snack on them because they'll help you avoid binge-eating and trigger weight-loss.
3. Almonds keep your heart healthy, reduce bad cholesterol (low density lipoprotein) and increase good cholesterol (high density lipoprotein).
4. They are a good source of antioxidants: Vitamin E present in soaked almonds works as an antioxidant which inhibits free radical damage that prevents ageing and inflammation.
5. Fight Cancer: Soaked almonds contain Vitamin B17 which is vital for fighting cancer.
6. Flavonoid present in almonds suppresses tumor growth.
7. Help in lowering and maintaining glucose levels and regulating high blood pressure. (Eat nuts to control blood sugar and fat)
8. Soaked almonds contain folic acid which reduces birth defects.
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